“Yeast infection” is a phrase commonly used to describe a vaginal infection 
caused by candida albicans, a type of fungus. Seventy-five percent of women will experience a yeast infection at least once in their lifetime. While they may cause significant discomfort, yeast infections are usually minor and can be treated in just a few days. Additionally, unlike other vaginal infections, a yeast infection is generally not considered to be an STD, though it is possible to transmit the infection to your partner during intercourse.
Cause. Our vaginas are very delicate organs. A healthy vagina has a certain amount of bacteria and fungus present. Yet when something throws off the balance of these organisms, the fungus can overgrow and cause painful symptoms. Antibiotics, high estrogen levels, and a weakened immune system caused by a condition such as cancer or HIV can all negatively alter the balance of the organisms present in our vaginas.
Symptoms. Someone with a vaginal yeast infection may experience inflammation, burning, itchiness, soreness (especially during intercourse) and the presence of a thick white odorless discharge.
Treatment. Minor yeast infections can be self-diagnosed and treated with OTC products such as Monistat (miconazole), Gyne-Lotrimin (clotrimazole), and Terzol (terconazole). OTC options are available as tablets, suppositories, and creams, and their duration of treatment may last 1-7 days. Please note, if you are using a antifungal cream, you should avoid using latex-based contraceptive products (i.e. condoms) as the oils in some topical products can weaken the latex.
If you have repeated infections (>4 within a year), you should visit your doctor. He/she may recommend a prescription product such as Diflucan (fluconazole).
Prevention. You can reduce your risk of yeast infection by practicing good vaginal hygiene:
- Avoid exposing your vagina to unnecessary chemicals. Your vagina is a self-cleaning organism. It does not require fancy lotions, creams, douches and deodorants. Mild unscented soap and water should be sufficient. Unwanted discharges or odors are likely indicative of a more serious problem.
- After using the bathroom, always wipe from front to back to avoid transferring unhealthy organisms from your anus to your vagina.
- Wear cotton underwear. Cotton allows your vagina to breath, keeping it dry and cool.
- Avoid tight-fitting clothes, as they may make your vagina too warm.
- Change out of wet clothes and swimsuits immediately. Moisture allows for bacterial and fungal growth.
- Frequently change your pads and tampons. Consider using pantyliners even on days you are not menstruating as they help absorb any extra moisture. Again, unscented products are likely best and some fragrances and other added chemicals may lead to vaginal irritation and/or alter your vaginal pH.
