Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that causes the ovaries to develop small cysts, which cause the ovaries to enlarge. The cysts themselves are generally not painful, but they can lead to hormonal and metabolic imbalances. PCOS is fairly common, affecting 5-10% of women of childbearing age, regardless of ethnicity.
Cause. The cause of PCOS is not completely understood, but there does seem to be a strong genetic link. Therefore, the chance of developing PCOS increases if another woman in your family has been diagnosed with it. High levels of androgen (male hormones) and/or insulin are also thought to play a role.
Diagnosis. Your doctor may suspect PCOS based on your reported symptoms, but the only way to definitively diagnose it is to have a pelvic ultrasound. This allows your doctor to look for cysts on your ovaries.
Symptoms. Common symptoms of PCOS include irregular, heavy, or missing periods; unexpected weight gain; acne; oily skin; infertility; hair loss; development of male features such as unwanted facial hair; and depression.
Complications. If untreated, long-term complications of PCOS may include infertility, endometrial cancer, diabetes, high cholesterol and heart disease as a result of these hormonal imbalances.
Treatment. Unfortunately, there is not cure for PCOS, so treatment focuses on management of symptoms. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) help regulate the menstrual cycle. Weight loss, regular exercise and a healthy diet may help prevent diabetes and heart disease. Facial creams and/or electrolysis can aid with hair removal. Additionally, counseling and/or antidepressants can be used to help manage symptoms of depression. Though it is still possible to get pregnant if suffering from PCOS, fertility treatments may be recommended to improve your chances.
