Arthritis is simply defined as joint inflammation. Though commonly associated with the elderly, arthritis affects people of all ages, with nearly two-thirds of those affected being under the age of 65. Arthritis occurs slightly more commonly in women, and affects all races and ethnicities.
Symptoms. The most common symptoms of arthritis are pain, aching, stiffness, and swelling in or around the joints.
Risk Factors. Risk factors of arthritis include increased age, female gender, family history, being overweight, and a history of joint injuries. Additionally certain occupations that involve repetitive knee/back bending and squatting (such as construction), may also increase your risk of arthritis.
Diagnosis. Arthritis is diagnosed using the patient’s history, a physical exam, X-rays, and bloodwork. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation is important to maintaining a good quality of life, so if you notice pain, stiffness, or swelling in your joints be sure to talk to your doctor as soon as possible.
Nonpharmacological Management. Physical activity decreases pain and improves function. Anyone with arthritis should strive for 150 minutes of mild/moderate exercise each week. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight can limit the severity of the disease. Some people also find physical therapy and assistive aids such as braces and splints to be helpful.
Pharmacological Management. Osteoarthritis is generally treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve). It is important to note that NSAIDs should generally not be used in patients with hypertension or a history of GI bleeding. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can help to reduce pain, but it is important to keep in mind that is has minimal anti-inflammatory effects. Occasionally steroids, such as prednisone, may be used. Steroids should be used cautiously in people with diabetes as they may increase your blood glucose.
