Depression is the most common mental health disorder in the U.S. We all experience depression at one point or another. Situational depression may be in relation to unemployment, loss of a loved one, prolonged illness, etc. But chronic prolonged depression is a serious mental health issue that may require therapy and/or medication management.
Definition. Depression is an emotional regulation disorder characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest in pleasurable activities. Severe depression may impair one’s ability to preform regular daily activities.
Subtypes. There are several different forms of depression, such as:
- Persistent depressive disorder – a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least 2 years
- Postpartum depression – major depression experienced after childbirth
- Psychotic depression – occurs when symptoms of psychosis (delusions or hallucinations) accompany feelings of depression
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) – depression that coincides with the winter months, when there is decreased natural sunlight
Cause. Depression is believed to be caused by an imbalance of serotonin and epinephrine, two of the neurotransmitters in the brain.
Symptoms. Depression may be associated with feelings of anxiety, irritability, guilt, and hopelessness. Physical manifestations of depression may include changes in sleep habits or appetite, decreased energy level, inability to focus, and loss of self-esteem. In the worst cases, depression may be associated with thoughts of suicide.
Diagnosis. Psychological testing is the primary means of diagnosing depression.
Management. If feeling depressed, practice self-care techniques such as exercising regularly, eating healthy, and getting plenty of sleep. Make time for relaxing activities such as listening to music, reading a book, or taking a long walk. Identify a hobby that you enjoy, and find ways to incorporate it into your schedule. Also avoid isolation by spending time with loved ones.
People who suffer from depression often find psychotherapy with a psychologist or clinical social worker beneficial. These mental health professionals can teach you skills to help manage negative thoughts and behaviors. Other support systems to consider are support groups, close friends & family, and/or a spiritual adviser.
Medications. If still struggling with depression despite putting these skills into practice, your doctor may suggest trying a medication to help. Antidepressants are the medication of choice. There are several different types of antidepressants available, and a doctor can help determine which one may be best to treat your symptoms. If started on an antidepressant, it is important to remember that it may take up to 6 weeks to start experiencing any improvement in your mood. Additionally, if you decide to stop taking your antidepressant, it is important to discuss your concerns with your doctor so that they can help you safely wean off it over time.
Depression may be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. There is no shame in having depression or any other mental illness. It does not mean that you are weak or that something is “wrong” with you. If experiencing any of the symptoms above, I encourage you to seek help so that you can manage your symptoms and be your best self.
If ever experiencing thoughts of suicide, please call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
